Which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid regarding John Dewey's central educational concept of 'Learning by Doing' / 'Reflective Thinking' under Progressive Education and Experiential Learning, in terms of students' critical thinking, practical understanding, and democratic values in classroom teaching?

Explanation

According to John Dewey's theory of progressive education and 'Learning by Doing', education is not merely a preparation for the future, but a process of living itself.

• This approach makes students active investigators rather than passive listeners.
• Learners construct their own knowledge through practical tasks and reflective thinking.

Therefore, Option (c) is the most authentic and scientifically valid psychological statement.