In the context of the core philosophy of Progressive Education and John Dewey's principle of 'Learning by Doing', which of the following teaching methodologies represents the most authentic and scientific characteristic of this educational system?

Progressive education is an educational approach based on John Dewey's ideas that emphasizes 'Learning by Doing', the project method, and problem-solving. In this system, children are viewed not as passive listeners, but as active knowledge constructors who learn through collaborative and real-life experiences.

Key Characteristics of Progressive Education:

• Experiential Learning: Focuses on hands-on experiences and practical application.
• Critical Thinking: Encourages analytical reasoning and independent thought over rote learning.
• Collaboration: Promotes social skills and teamwork through group projects and shared problem-solving.

Thus, option (b) is the correct choice as it aligns directly with the democratic and scientific values of progressive pedagogy.