Based on a comprehensive analysis of the historical development, core nature, and methodology of action research in the immediate modification of school and classroom teaching methods, if a teacher improves their teaching methodology using the cyclical model proposed by Stephen M. Corey (Plan, Act, Observe, and Reflect), which of the following statements is most authoritative and scientifically true regarding the ontological distinction between fundamental research and action research, and its practical utility?

Explanation of Action Research

The primary objective of action research is to find prompt, practical, and localized solutions to immediate problems specific to a school or classroom. It is conducted independently by teachers and headmasters to improve their own teaching methods and working procedures.

• Action Research: Localized, immediate, and practical problem-solving.
• Fundamental Research: Broad scope aimed at establishing new theories and universal laws.

In contrast, fundamental research focuses on theory formulation rather than immediate classroom application.