According to Sigmund Freud's Psychosexual Development Theory, when a child is in the 'Anal Stage' and undergoes toilet training that is excessively harsh, repressive, or controlling by the parents, it leads to the development of 'anal-retentive' personality traits in adult life. Which of the following psychological traits and behaviors is the most accurate and prominent indicator of this 'anal-retentive' personality?

Detailed Explanation

According to Sigmund Freud's theory of psychosexual development, the second stage is the Anal Stage (approximately 1.5 to 3 years), where the child's primary focus of pleasure is centered on eliminative functions and bowel control.

If parents implement excessively harsh, strict, or punitive toilet training during this period, children may develop one of two distinct personality types:

• Anal-Retentive Personality: Individuals develop traits such as extreme stubbornness, stinginess (parsimony), obsessive-compulsive neatness, meticulousness, and a rigid need for order and control.
• Anal-Expulsive Personality: Individuals tend to be messy, disorganized, rebellious, and careless.

Therefore, Option B accurately describes the core traits of an anal-retentive personality.