According to Sigmund Freud's Psychosexual Development Theory, when a child passes through the 'Anal Stage', what is the primary psychological characteristic of this phase and what impact does 'toilet training' have on the child's future personality development?

Freud's Psychosexual Development: The Anal Stage

According to Sigmund Freud's theory of psychosexual development, the Anal Stage occurs approximately between 1.5 to 3 years of age, where the primary source of pleasure is linked to bladder and bowel control.

• Toilet Training Conflict: This period marks the central psychological conflict surrounding bowel and bladder control.
• Anal-Retentive Personality: If parents adopt an overly strict and harsh approach toward toilet training, the child may develop an anal-retentive personality, characterized by extreme stubbornness, meticulousness, and stinginess.
• Anal-Expulsive Personality: Conversely, an overly lenient approach can lead to an anal-expulsive personality, resulting in disorganization, carelessness, and defiance.

Therefore, option B accurately describes the psychological characteristics and potential outcomes of the anal stage.