Under various theories of Transfer of Learning, when a learner learns a specific formula or geometric theorem in mathematics and uses it to solve statistical calculations or mechanics problems in physics, what is the most significant analytical difference in the explanation of this process between Edward L. Thorndike's 'Theory of Identical Elements' and C.H. Judd's 'Theory of Generalization'?

Transfer of learning is an important topic in educational psychology. According to Edward L. Thorndike's 'Theory of Identical Elements', transfer from one situation to another occurs only when both situations share certain elements (such as habits, knowledge, or methods). In contrast, Charles Hubbard Judd argued in his 'Theory of Generalization' that transfer is not due to specific elements, but based on the generalization of learned material and understanding of principles. For detailed information on this topic, you can refer to the Wikipedia reference.