In the context of theories of transfer of learning, what is the most fundamental theoretical difference between the 'Theory of Generalization' propounded by C.H. Judd and the 'Theory of Identical Elements' by E.L. Thorndike?

In the transfer of learning, E.L. Thorndike's 'Theory of Identical Elements' posits that learning in one situation is transferred to another only when pre-familiar or identical elements (facts, skills, or habits) are present in both. In contrast, C.H. Judd's 'Theory of Generalization' argues that transfer occurs when an individual applies principles, rules, or generalized experiences learned in one situation to new and different situations based on intellectual understanding. For detailed study on this topic, you can refer to the Wikipedia reference.