Under John Dewey's theory of Progressive Education and Experiential Learning, a central concept is 'Learning by Doing'. This action-based teaching methodology defines learners not as passive listeners, but as active participants in direct experiences, projects, hands-on activities, and real-life problem solving to construct their knowledge. Regarding its psychological implications for critical thinking, democratic values, and problem-solving abilities in classroom instruction, which of the following statements is most authentic and scientifically valid?

According to John Dewey's educational philosophy, 'Learning by Doing' is the cornerstone of progressive education.

This approach is rooted in the psychological truth that children are not passive recipients, but active constructors of knowledge:

• Active Participation: Students engage in hands-on activities and real-world problem solving.
• Cognitive & Social Growth: Collaborative projects enhance critical thinking and democratic values.
• Authentic Learning: Real-life experiences lead to meaningful and permanent understanding.

Therefore, option (b) provides the most accurate scientific and practical description of this principle.