Which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid regarding Robert Gagne's 'Hierarchy of Learning' concept of 'Problem Solving Learning', which represents the highest level of complex intellectual learning?

Robert Gagne divided learning into eight hierarchical levels in his 'Hierarchy of Learning' theory, starting from signal learning and ending at the highest level, 'Problem Solving Learning'. According to Gagne, problem-solving learning is the most complex and advanced mental process. When learners face a novel and unexpected problem, they combine previously acquired concepts, rules, and principles using high-level thinking and cognitive strategies to find a logical and effective solution. Therefore, option (b) most authentically explains this psychological concept.