Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the three stages of the 'Theory of Cognitive Development' proposed by Jerome Bruner—namely the Enactive Stage, Iconic Stage, and Symbolic Stage—and their pedagogical implications?

Jerome Bruner's Theory of Cognitive Development

Jerome Bruner proposed that cognitive development occurs through three sequential modes of representation:

• Enactive Stage (approx. 0-1 year): Learning is based on physical actions, muscle coordination, and direct manipulation of objects (learning by doing).
• Iconic Stage (approx. 1-6 years): Learning occurs through mental images, sensory impressions, and visual representations.
• Symbolic Stage (from 7 years onwards): Thinking is mediated by language, logic, and abstract symbols.

Therefore, option (b) provides the most accurate and scientific description of the characteristics of these cognitive stages.