When micro-analyzing the philosophical, functional, and operational nature of 'Formative Assessment' and 'Summative Assessment' under 'Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation' (CCE) in the academic assessment process, which of the following statements is most authentic and scientifically true regarding their objectives, nature, and role in the teaching-learning cycle?

Understanding Formative and Summative Assessment in CCE

Under Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE), formative and summative assessments serve distinct yet complementary purposes:

• Formative Assessment (FA): Acts as assessment for learning. It is continuous, diagnostic, and helps in identifying learning gaps to provide immediate remedial instruction.
• Summative Assessment (SA): Acts as assessment of learning. It is conducted at the end of a term or course to measure overall student performance and provide official certification.

Therefore, option C provides the most scientifically accurate distinction between the two approaches.