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Consider the following statements regarding the historical context of the 1974 student movement led by Jayaprakash Narayan (JP) and the 'Total Revolution':

  1. 1. This movement started in Bihar following the 'Navnirman Movement' started by students in Gujarat in January 1974 against rising prices and corruption, where the 'Bihar Student Struggle Committee' was formed in March 1974 and students requested Jayaprakash Narayan to take leadership of this movement.
  2. 2. Addressing a massive public meeting at the historic Gandhi Maidan in Patna on June 5, 1974, Jayaprakash Narayan called for a 'Total Revolution' for social, economic, and political change along with reforms in corruption, unemployment, and the education system.
  3. 3. Following the declaration of Emergency by the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi during the JP movement, Jayaprakash Narayan was arrested, and the Janata Party formed under his leadership won a landslide victory in the 1977 general elections to form the first non-Congress government at the centre.
  4. 4. Only students and youths participated in this movement, and socialists, communists (CPI), and all the leftist parties of that time gave full and unified support to this student movement and JP's leadership.

Which of the above statement(s) is/are completely true?

Detailed Explanation & Solution

Statements 1, 2, and 3 are completely true. The 1974 student movement first emerged as the 'Navnirman Movement' in Gujarat and then spread to Bihar, where Jayaprakash Narayan accepted its leadership on the call of the 'Bihar Student Struggle Committee'. On June 5, 1974, he gave the historical slogan of 'Total Revolution' from Gandhi Maidan in Patna. The Janata Party government was formed in 1977 after the Emergency. However, statement 4 is false because the Communist Party of India (CPI) opposed the JP movement at that time and termed it as supported by right-wing and reactionary forces.

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