Educational Philosophy & Thinkers
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With reference to the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Gandhi-Irwin Pact under Social Studies teaching, consider the following statements:
- 1. The Civil Disobedience Movement was started by Mahatma Gandhi on March 12, 1930, from Sabarmati Ashram with the famous Salt March, through which the movement was expanded nationwide by breaking the salt law at Dandi on April 6,
- 2.
- 3. Under the Gandhi-Irwin Pact signed on March 5, 1931, the British government agreed to release all political prisoners arrested during the Civil Disobedience Movement (except those involved in violent crimes) and to permit people living near the coast to manufacture salt for domestic use without tax.
- 4. On behalf of the Congress, Mahatma Gandhi presided over the Karachi Session of the Congress (1931) after this pact and went to London to attend the First Round Table Conference, where he fully supported the demand for a separate electorate for Dalits on the issue of the Communal Award.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
✓ Correct! Well done.
✗ Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted above.
Detailed Explanation & Solution
Statement 1 is correct: Mahatma Gandhi started the Dandi March from Sabarmati Ashram on March 12, 1930, with 78 chosen followers and broke the salt law upon reaching Dandi on April 6, 1930, which marked the formal beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement. Statement 2 is correct: Under the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (also known as the Delhi Pact) mediated between Viceroy Lord Irwin and Mahatma Gandhi on March 5, 1931, the government agreed to release all political prisoners except those accused of violence and to permit the manufacturing of salt for personal and domestic use in coastal areas. Statement 3 is incorrect: Following the Gandhi-Irwin Pact, the Karachi Session of the Congress was held in March 1931 and was presided over by Vallabhbhai Patel, not Mahatma Gandhi. Furthermore, Gandhi attended the 'Second' Round Table Conference in 1931, not the First (the Congress boycotted the First Round Table Conference). Additionally, Gandhi strongly opposed the demand for a separate electorate for Dalits in Ramsay MacDonald's Communal Award and undertook a fast unto death in Yerwada Jail against it.
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