According to Charles Spearman's Two-Factor Theory of Intelligence, which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid regarding the concepts of 'general intelligence (g-factor)' and 'specific intelligence (s-factor)', their actual psychological implications, and the scientific management of students' cognitive abilities, academic performance, and transfer of training in classroom instruction?

Charles Spearman proposed the 'Two-Factor Theory' of intelligence in 1904. According to this theory, every intellectual activity involves two types of factors:

• General Factor (g-factor): It is an innate, universal mental energy that is utilized in varying amounts across all types of mental tasks.
• Specific Factor (s-factor): It is related to specific skills and can be developed through learning, training, and practice.

In classroom instruction, teachers design their teaching frameworks keeping students' g-factor (general intellectual capacity) in mind while enhancing the s-factor (such as music, mathematics, art, etc.) through specialized training.