In the context of 'Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and Individual Differences', regarding the mutual interrelationships among the concept of 'Mental Age' developed by Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon, the mathematical and psychological form of 'Intelligence Quotient' (IQ = MA/CA × 100) formulated by William Stern, the 'Standard Deviation' and 'Classification of Intelligence' under the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale revised by Lewis Terman, and their implications for modern primary inclusive classroom teaching, identification of exceptional children, and the promotion of differentiated instruction among students, which of the following statements is most appropriate and true?

Concept Analysis

This question examines the historical development and psychological foundations of Intelligence Quotient (IQ), Mental Age, and their pedagogical applications in inclusive classrooms.

• William Stern's Formula: William Stern proposed the formula $IQ = \frac{MA}{CA} \times 100$ in 1912, where Mental Age (MA) is the numerator and Chronological Age (CA) is the denominator.
• Pedagogical Significance: This relative index helps educators identify diverse learners (gifted, average, and slow learners) in inclusive settings to implement differentiated instruction effectively.
• Evaluation of Options: Option (a) is mathematically and historically correct. Options (b), (c), and (d) contain factual inaccuracies regarding Binet's concept of mental age, Stern's formula application, and its relevance to children.