Consider the following statements regarding the administrative history, freedom movement, and major institutions of Uttar Pradesh:
- 1. In the year 1921, the provincial capital of Uttar Pradesh (then United Provinces) was completely shifted from 'Agra' to 'Lucknow' for political and administrative reasons.
- 2. The historical session of the 'Indian National Congress' in Uttar Pradesh was held at Kanpur in 1925, presided over by Smt. Sarojini Naidu, who was the first Indian woman to preside over Congress.
- 3. The 'Sampurnanand Sanskrit University' located in Varanasi was established in 1791 by British Resident Jonathan Duncan as the 'Banaras Sanskrit College', whose main objective was to study ancient Hindu law and philosophy.
- 4. The historic Chauri-Chaura incident took place on February 4, 1922, in Gorakhpur district, as a result of which Mahatma Gandhi immediately withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Detailed Explanation & Solution
📌 Core Theoretical Concept:
This question examines four statements regarding the administrative history, freedom struggle, and prominent institutions of Uttar Pradesh. Among these, statements 2, 3, and 4 are completely accurate, while statement 1 is incorrect. In 1921, the provincial capital of the United Provinces was shifted to Lucknow from 'Allahabad (Prayagraj)', not from 'Agra'. Therefore, statement 1 is factually wrong due to the wrong origin city. Consequently, option (b) is the correct choice since statements 2, 3, and 4 are historically verified.
📊 Key Exam Points:
- Analysis of Statement 1: The capital of the United Provinces was shifted to Lucknow in 1921 from Allahabad, making statement 1 incorrect.
- Analysis of Statement 2: The 1925 Kanpur Congress session is historic as Sarojini Naidu became the first Indian woman president of the INC.
- Analysis of Statement 3: Banaras Sanskrit College was founded in 1791 by Jonathan Duncan to study Hindu law and philosophy, later becoming Sampurnanand Sanskrit University.
- Analysis of Statement 4: The Chauri-Chaura incident occurred on February 4, 1922, prompting Gandhiji to suspend the Non-Cooperation Movement.
📖 Theoretical Reference: Questions regarding state-specific historical timelines, freedom movement milestones, and colonial educational foundations are staple topics in provincial civil services and teacher certification tests. For comprehensive learning, explore Uttar Pradesh History and Culture.