Among the various theories of Transfer of Learning, upon conducting a deep psychological and theoretical analysis of the 'Theory of Identical Elements' proposed by Edward Thorndike and Robert S. Woodworth and the 'Theory of Generalization' proposed by Charles Judd, which of the following is the most fundamental and scientific difference between these two theories?

Regarding the transfer of learning, Edward Thorndike and Woodworth's 'Theory of Identical Elements' holds that learning in one situation is helpful in another only when certain elements or components are identical in both situations. In contrast, Charles Judd's 'Theory of Generalization' posits that an individual understands general principles or rules derived from previous experiences and applies them to new and different fields.