Under Wolfgang Köhler's Gestalt 'Insight Learning Theory', when the chimpanzee 'Sultan' connected sticks inside the cage to reach a banana placed outside, which of the following psychological characteristics most accurately represents the fundamental philosophical difference between 'Reorganization of the Perceptual Field' in this cognitive process and Thorndike's 'Trial and Error' theory?

Detailed Explanation

According to Gestalt Psychology, learning is not the result of mechanical trial and error, but is based on viewing the holistic nature of a situation and its sudden mental reorganization (Aha! Experience or insight).

• Insight Learning (Köhler): Focuses on cognitive restructuring of the perceptual field where the solution appears suddenly.
• Trial and Error (Thorndike): Focuses on gradual stamping in of correct responses through blind repetition and reinforcement.

Therefore, option B correctly captures the fundamental cognitive difference.