Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
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In the context of the historical development of learning theories, when conducting a detailed comparative analysis of Edward Thorndike's 'Trial and Error Theory', Ivan Pavlov's 'Classical Conditioning Theory', and B.F. Skinner's 'Operant Conditioning Theory', which of the following statements most accurately and scientifically defines the ontological, Stimulus-Response (S-R) versus Response-Stimulus (R-S) relationships, and their underlying psychological basis among these three theories?
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Detailed Explanation & Solution
Thorndike's Trial and Error theory and Pavlov's Classical Conditioning theory are primarily based on 'Stimulus-Response' (S-R) bonds, wherein Pavlovian conditioning prioritizes the conditioned stimulus (CS). Conversely, B.F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning theory is based on 'Response-Stimulus' (R-S) or instrumental conditioning, where the organism responds first, and the subsequent reinforcement controls or repeats that behavior.
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