According to Charles Spearman's Two-Factor Theory of Intelligence, which of the following statements is most analytically correct regarding the role of the 'general factor' (g-factor) and the 'specific factor' (s-factor) in mental activities?

Understanding Spearman's Two-Factor Theory

Charles Spearman proposed the Two-Factor Theory of Intelligence in 1904. According to his theory, cognitive performance depends on two distinct factors:

• General Factor (g-factor): Considered a universal, innate mental energy that underlies all types of cognitive tasks and intellectual operations.
• Specific Factor (s-factor): Relates to specific abilities (such as music, mathematics, or art) which are acquired and developed through experience and training.

Therefore, option B accurately captures the theoretical distinction between the two factors.