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Factors Affecting Development
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हिन्दी English

Consider the following statements regarding the human endocrine system, the hormones secreted by it, and their functions:

  1. 1. 'Somatotropin' (Growth Hormone - GH) secreted by the adenohypophysis of the pituitary gland controls the general growth of the body, especially the development of bones and muscles, and its excess amount causes a condition called 'Gigantism' in children.
  2. 2. 'Thyroxine' hormone secreted by the thyroid gland regulates the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) of the body, and the presence of iodine is essential for the synthesis of this hormone, the deficiency of which causes goitre.
  3. 3. 'Adrenaline' hormone released from the medulla of the adrenal gland suddenly increases heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration rate to protect the body in emergency situations (such as fear, anger, or stress), which is why it is called the 'Fight or Flight' hormone.
  4. 4. The alpha cells of the Islets of Langerhans of the pancreas secrete 'insulin' hormone, which controls the amount of glucose in the blood, while beta cells secrete 'glucagon', which converts glycogen into glucose.

Which of the above statement(s) is/are completely true?

Detailed Explanation & Solution

Various hormones of the human endocrine system and their functions are analyzed under this question. Statements 1, 2, and 3 are completely true. The growth hormone of the pituitary gland controls growth, thyroxine is related to metabolism and iodine, and adrenaline is an emergency hormone. However, statement 4 is false because the alpha cells of the 'Islets of Langerhans' of the pancreas secrete 'glucagon', while the beta cells secrete 'insulin' (here the names of their functions and cells have been reversed in the statement).

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