With reference to the 'Project Method' and 'Problem-Solving Method' in the teaching-learning of Environmental Studies (EVS) at the primary level, consider the following statements: 1. The project method is based on the pragmatic philosophy of John Dewey and the educational principles of his disciple William Kilpatrick, where students work actively in a natural and collaborative environment to find solutions to meaningful real-life problems. 2. Under the problem-solving method, students learn to resolve a complex situation or dilemma by utilizing their logical thinking, observation, and exploratory skills while following the steps of the scientific method. 3. Both of these teaching methods are entirely based on a teacher-centric and didactic approach, where students play only a passive listening role and rely solely on rote memorization of textbooks. Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?

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Gaurav Shrivastava · Accepted Answer

Statements 1 and 2 are correct because both the project method (propounded by William Kilpatrick) and the problem-solving method are child-centric and activity-based methods that promote learning by doing, logical thinking, and collaborative learning among students. Statement 3 is incorrect because these methods are not based on teacher-centric or passive rote learning systems; rather, they are entirely student-centric and exploratory.

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With reference to the 'Project Method' and 'Problem-Solving Method' in the teaching-learning of Environmental Studies (EVS) at the primary level, consider the following statements:

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