By which Constitutional Amendment Act was the 'Right to Education' added as a fundamental right under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution, and when did the enacted 'Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act' (RTE Act) come into force nationwide to make this right effective?

The 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002 inserted a new Article 21A into Part-III of the Indian Constitution, making free and compulsory education for all children in the age group of 6 to 14 years a fundamental right.

To operationalize this constitutional provision, the Parliament enacted the Right to Education Act, 2009, which officially came into effect nationwide on April 1, 2010.

• Amendment Year: 2002 (86th Amendment)
• Implementation Date: April 1, 2010

Therefore, option (a) is completely correct.