According to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, during the 'Formal Operational Stage' (approximately 11 years to adulthood), an in-depth analysis of its essential and scientific characteristics reveals the development of 'Hypothetico-Deductive Reasoning' and 'Abstract Thinking'. In this context, which of the following statements is most authentic?

Understanding the Formal Operational Stage

According to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the formal operational stage is the final stage, spanning from approximately 11 years of age through adulthood.

• Hypothetico-Deductive Reasoning: Adolescents develop the ability to think abstractly, formulate systematic hypotheses, and test them logically in a scientific manner.
• Abstract Thinking: Thinking is no longer limited to concrete, observable experiences; individuals can reason about hypothetical situations and abstract concepts.

Therefore, option B accurately describes the core features of this stage.