With reference to Abraham Maslow's 'Hierarchy of Needs' theory, the categories of needs given by him are divided into two main groups—'Deficiency Needs (D-needs)' and 'Growth Needs (B-needs)'. Which of the following options presents the correct and precise classification of the needs falling under these two categories?

According to Abraham Maslow's humanistic theory, the first four levels of the hierarchy—physiological, safety, belongingness, and esteem—are called 'deficiency needs' (D-needs) because their absence is felt when lacking, and fulfilling them reduces tension. In contrast, 'self-actualization' at the very top of the hierarchy is called a 'growth need' (B-need), which does not arise from any deficiency but is motivated by the inner desire to develop one's full potential.